This finding has independent support

Financial Literacy, Risk Tolerance, and Cryptocurrency Ownership

A study from the Bank of Canada found that Bitcoiners surveyed, on average, have lower financial literacy than those who don’t own Bitcoin . The study was

This finding has independent support: according to a 2025 Bank of Canada study, Canadian crypto investors tend to congregate toward the extremes of low and high

One of the conclusions presented

Cryptocurrency ownership and cognitive biases in perceived

One of the conclusions presented in the study was that Canadians who invest in Bitcoin generally have low levels of financial literacy, although they are also exposed to higher levels of financial

Bitcoin investors tend to have low financial literacy, according to

Henry et al

Henry et al. (2025) show that Bitcoin owners are more likely to have low financial literacy, which suggests that those with high financial literacy are more likely to have

‘Bitcoiners Are Not ‘Psychopaths’, New Research Concludes

Canadian bitcoin owners tend to have low levels of financial literacy while being exposed to elevated levels of financial risk, according to new Bank of Canada research.

The research by the Bank

The 3 questions on financial literacy Bitcoiners flunk: Bank of Canada

Bitcoin investors tend to have low financial literacy: Bank of

The research by the Bank of Canada reveals that the majority of Bitcoin holders see it as a vehicle of investment to grow their wealth and don’t fancy BTC to turn into a

owners

Bank Research Claims Bitcoin Investors Have 'Low Financial Literacy'

owners, on average, have higher financial literacy and risk tolerance than nonowners, but if certain groups of cryptocurrency owners have lower financial literacy and risk tolerant than