We determine the annual electricity

We determine the annual electricity consumption of Bitcoin, as of November 2025, to be 45.8 TWh and estimate that annual carbon emissions range from 22.0 to 22.9

Texas sees a 31% rise in Bitcoin mining energy use paired with an

The fee usually fluctuates depending on the network activity. So, when Bitcoin’s value surges, will the fee fall down or go down? And, will the same make a difference

The energy consumed by Bitcoin

Bitcoin and energy consumption

The Bitcoin network can be estimated to consume at least 2.55 gigawatts of electricity currently, and potentially 7.67 gigawatts in the future, making it comparable with

The energy consumed by Bitcoin’s network is estimated using multiple factors including the hashrate, miner fees, and equipment costs and efficiency. Over the

Notably

According to Rochard’s analysis, there has been a significant 31% year-over-year increase in Bitcoin mining energy consumption in Texas, rising from 1.7 million MWh

Bitcoin's annualized footprint in electricity consumption reached an all-time high in early 2025, then believed to be higher than the power consumption of Finland. This is

Notably, transaction fees per block also vary with the price of Bitcoin and have an impact on energy consumption. As the table below shows, a $2 million BTC fee would have a “huge

The Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index

The Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index provides the latest estimate of the total energy consumption of the Bitcoin network. LATEST RESEARCH: “ Bitcoin’s growing water footprint ”

This study signifies the process used to calculate bitcoin’s energy consumption. We discuss the two prominent models (a) Model-1 by Christian Stoll, Lena

Bitcoin at $2 Million: Energy Consumed, Tx Fees Outlined

(PDF) The Environmental Cost of Bitcoin and PoW

Bitcoin's Growing Energy Problem - ScienceDirect

Bitcoin at $2M: Energy Consumption, Tx Fees Overview

Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index - Digiconomist

Bitcoin energy consumption

A Comprehensive Review of Bitcoin’s Energy Consumption and Its