According to Rochard

Bitcoin's Growing Energy Problem - ScienceDirect

Bitcoin and energy consumption

According to Rochard’s analysis, there has been a significant 31% year-over-year increase in Bitcoin mining energy consumption in Texas, rising from 1.7 million MWh

Bitcoin

(PDF) The Environmental Cost of Bitcoin and PoW

Bitcoin at $2 Million: Energy Consumed, Tx Fees Outlined

Bitcoin's annualized footprint in electricity consumption reached an all-time high in early 2025, then believed to be higher than the power consumption of Finland. This is

The energy consumed by Bitcoin

The energy consumed by Bitcoin’s network is estimated using multiple factors including the hashrate, miner fees, and equipment costs and efficiency. Over the

Bitcoin energy consumption

Texas sees a 31% rise in Bitcoin mining energy use paired with an

The Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index

A Comprehensive Review of Bitcoin’s Energy Consumption and Its

This study signifies the process used to calculate bitcoin’s energy consumption. We discuss the two prominent models (a) Model-1 by Christian Stoll, Lena

The Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index provides the latest estimate of the total energy consumption of the Bitcoin network. LATEST RESEARCH: “ Bitcoin’s growing water footprint ”

The Bitcoin network can be

Bitcoin at $2M: Energy Consumption, Tx Fees Overview

Notably, transaction fees per block also vary with the price of Bitcoin and have an impact on energy consumption. As the table below shows, a $2 million BTC fee would have a “huge

The Bitcoin network can be estimated to consume at least 2.55 gigawatts of electricity currently, and potentially 7.67 gigawatts in the future, making it comparable with

We determine the annual electricity

Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index - Digiconomist

The fee usually fluctuates depending on the network activity. So, when Bitcoin’s value surges, will the fee fall down or go down? And, will the same make a difference

We determine the annual electricity consumption of Bitcoin, as of November 2025, to be 45.8 TWh and estimate that annual carbon emissions range from 22.0 to 22.9